Every Day English

بیوریتم شما !

dailyenglish — Fri, 29 Feb 2008 06:11:47 GMT

برای اطلاعات بیشتر در مورد بیوریتم و مشاهده نمودار زیست اهنگ خود اینجا را کلیک کنید.

همچنین برای دریافت نرم افرار کامل لینک زیر را کلیک نموده و نرم افزار را دانلود کنید:

بیوریتم چیست ؟

dailyenglish — Fri, 29 Feb 2008 05:56:30 GMT

نمودار زيست آهنگ Biorhythm چيست ؟

آيا تا بحال متوجه نوسانات روحي و جسمي خود شده ايد؟ تغييرات در ميزان بنيه و توانايي در انجام فعاليت هاي روزمره, مانند پرداختن به ورزش و شركت در ميهماني ها, احساس سلامت يا كسالت, نحوه برخورد با مشكلات و حتي نظم فكري شما و يا لحظات بحراني زندگي كه از لحاظ انرژي حياتي در بدترين و آسيب پذيرترين شرايط قــرار داريد . همه اين افــت و خيزهــا در سه چــرخه متنـاوب به نام هاي : 1- جسمي 2- حسي 3- ذهني خــلاصه مي شوند كه مجموعه آنها زيست آهنگ ( بيوريتم ) شما را تشكيل مي دهند .

بيوريتم بر اين ايده استوار است كه اين چرخه هاي سه گانه در بدن افراد براساس ساعت دروني و بيولوژيكي عمل مي كنند و هر چرخه براساس موج سينوسي با دوره هاي متفاوت در حال گردش است كه نقطه شروع همه آنها روز تولد هر فرد است . دوره هر چرخه متناوب به شرح ذيل است :

دوره چرخه جسمي ( Physical ) هر 23 روز يك بار تكرار مي شود

دوره چرخه حسي ( Emotional) هر 28 روز يك بار تكرار مي شود

دوره چرخه ذهني ( Intellectual) هر 33 روز يك بار تكرار مي شود

امروزه حتي مديران موفق هم نمودارهاي سه گانه فوق را بطور مستمر براي تك تك كاركنان خود ترسيم مي كنند تا متناسب با شرايط جسمي, حسي و ذهني آنها, فعاليت هاي روزانه را به آنها ارجاع نمايند . دانش آموزان نيز با دانستن زمانهاي دقيق اوج انرژي ذهني خود, مي توانند در اين زمان ها به يادگيري و مطالعه بپردازند تا با حداقل تلاش, به پيشرفت چشمگيري دست يابند .

بیوریتم چیست ؟ (بخش1)

dailyenglish — Mon, 25 Feb 2008 05:20:04 GMT

In the nineteenth century, studies first began on certain life rhythms or cycles that were later termed "biorhythms". The word biorhythm is a compound of two Greek words, bios and rhythmos, which mean life and a constant or periodic beat. The theory of biorhythms defines and measures three basic and important life cycles in man: the physical, emotional, and intellectual.

Wilhelm Fliess, a highly respected and prominent doctor in Berlin, did pioneer work on biorhythms in the 1890s. Fliess, who had observed 23- and 28-day rhythms in many of his patients, began to collect statistics on the periodic occurrence of fevers, childhood disease, and the susceptibility to disease and death. With these statistics in hand, Fliess believed he had detected rhythms which were fundamental to man's life.

Dr. Fliess later developed two major biorhythm theories: first, that Nature bestows on man "master internal clocks" which begin counting time at birth and continue throughout life; and second, that one of these clocks regulates a 23-day cycle influencing man's physical condition and another regulates a 28-day cycle influencing emotions or degree of sensitivity.

Male and female biorhythms

A widely read man, Fliess speculated on why these two rhythms should prevail. He believed, much as we do today, that man is essentially bisexual in nature, composed of both male and female elements. Fliess called the 23-day physical cycle the male cycle, since it influenced strength, endurance, and vitality. He considered the 28-day cycle to be representative of the female element in all human beings; it governed sensitivity, intuition, love, and creativity-the entire emotional spectrum.

Subsequent research has reinforced the idea of the 23-day physical and 28-day emotional cycles. Of course, today few would agree with the premise that all physical components are male and all emotional matters female. Instead, both are now considered to be essential characteristics of each sex.

Wilhelm Fliess wrote extensively about the biorhythm theory, but the mathematics and statistics he used to support it were so massive and confusing that few people bothered to closely examine or to understand them. Still, the basic premise of the theory caught on. The idea of periodic rhythms in man created a considerable controversy among his colleagues, one which still exists today. Most scientists have accepted the fact that man's physical and emotional states are in constant flux, but many do not agree that these changes are influenced by regular biological cycles that start at birth.

One of Fliess' contemporaries who kept an open mind to his ideas was Sigmund Freud, a man with extremely revolutionary ideas of his own at the time. Early in his career, Freud showed extreme interest in and admiration for Fliess' theories, and they soon became very close friends. One hundred and eighty-four letters from Freud to Fliess have been published; unfortunately, the replies from Fliess have been lost.

Critical days

Important ideas tend to spread rapidly in the scientific community. Dr. Hermann Swoboda, Professor of psychology at the University of Vienna, read Fliess' work while still a young man, and by the turn of the century was himself researching, lecturing, and writing on biorhythms. Swoboda, who detected a periodicity in the occurrence of dreams and thinking processes, and in fevers, asthma, heart attacks, and the outbreak of illness, believed his own investigations confirmed Fliess' observations on the 23-day and 28-day cycles. Swoboda contributed to the theory the notion of the "critical" day, when the cycle shifts from high to low or low to high; a day of instability and usually of some stress for most people. When we seem to have more energy, vitality, and emotional control. There are days when these same feelings are at low ebb. And there are also those days when we react to situations in a totally unexpected way.

Biorhythms theory: pro et contra

There are many people who support the biorhythm theory. Bertram Brown, Director of the National Institute of Mental Health, has said, "These biorhythms have a lot of validity. They help explain in part everything from having a bad week to exciting scientific things like the varied effects medications have when administered at different times."

Douglas Kelley, a statistician with the National Safety Council, is quoted as saying: "When chemistry was at the state where biorhythm is today, it was called alchemy. But alchemy became chemistry, and within fifty years research may do the same for biorhythm."

On the other side is Colin Pittendrigh, an expert on biological rhythms at Stanford University. The Washington Post quoted him as saying, "I consider this stuff an utter, total, unadulterated fraud. I really know nothing about it because we've been unable to track it down. But I consider anyone who offers to explain my life in terms of 23-day
rhythms a numerological nut, just like somebody who wants to explore the rhythms of pig iron price to 11 decimal places."

Biorhythms: like a weather forecast

Against these pros and cons and lacking sufficient clinical methods to prove the theory, an alternative procedure is to apply it to numerous situations and to carefully note the results, rather than to constantly criticize its assumptions. Numerous opportunities are provided throughout this book for the reader to test the theory. Actually, the situation is similar to accepting or rejecting the daily weather forecast. The forecast can't be proved. But it is too useful and important in the life of an individual to neglect or refuse to accept. Nor is one too concerned if the weather forecast is not completely reliable. I may carry a raincoat tomorrow when, in fact, the sun will shine brightly. However, I still feel rewarded in that I was prepared for the event of rain. I also know the next forecast is quite likely to be valid.

These are not unique circumstances for man. He has always had to choose between the objective and the subjective, that which he can feel versus that which he can sense, fact versus fancy if one pleases. Economic and social men are perfect examples. They cannot act through certainty because proof does not exist for the many actions they follow. Economic man, like biorhythmic man, must be completely informed. Being completely informed is to know all courses of action that are open to him. Against this criteria it is foolhardy, indeed, to completely ignore or refuse to examine the biorhythm theory. "Too stupid to come in out of the rain" is often a result of refusing to observe the forecast of rain. A hasty decision, made now, without regard to another time when mental capabilities may be supposedly keener, is the mark of insensitivity; aid irrationality is often the inability or reluctance to observe all factors and possible courses of action available.

to be continued...

ولنتاین مبارک !!!

dailyenglish — Fri, 15 Feb 2008 06:03:18 GMT

تاریخچه کامل و دقیق ولنتاین در دست نیست و آنچه از پیشینه این روز می‌دانیم با افسانه درآمیخته‌است. امروزه کلیسای کاتولیک به این نتیجه رسیده‌است که حداقل سه قدیس به نام والنتاین وجود داشته‌اند که همگی به شهادت رسیده‌اند، به همین دلیل چندین افسانه سعی در بازگوئی تاریخچه این آئین دارند.

در سده سوم میلادی که مطابق می‌شود با اوایل شاهنشاهی ساسانی در ایران، در روم باستان فرمانروایی بوده‌است بنام کلودیوس دوم. کلودیوس عقاید عجیبی داشته‌است از جمله اینکه مردان مجرد نسبت به آنانی که همسر و فرزند دارند سربازان جنگجوتر و بهتری هستند. از این رو ازدواج را برای سربازان امپراتوری روم قدغن می‌کند. کلودیوس به قدری بی‌رحم وفرمانش به اندازه‌ای قاطع بود که هیچ کس جرات کمک به ازدواج سربازان را نداشت. اما کشیشی به نام والنتاین (والنتیوس)، مخفیانه عقد سربازان رومی را با دختران محبوبشان جاری می‌کرد. کلودیوس دوم از این جریان خبردار می‌شود و دستور می‌دهد که والنتاین را به زندان بیندازند. والنتاین در زندان عاشق دختر زندانبان می‌شود. با توجه به آنچه که در افسانه آمده کشیش ولنتاین برای او نامه‍ایی نوشته و آنها را با نوشتن «از طرف ولنتاین تو» (From Your Valentine) امضاء کرده‌است، اصطلاحی که تا به امروز مورد استفاده قرار گرفته و به وفور بر روی کارتهای ولنتاین مشاهده می‌شود. سرانجام کشیش به جرم جاری کردن عقد عشاق بر خلاف قانون کلودیوس دوم اعدام می‌شود. بنابراین او را به عنوان فدایی و شهید راه عشق می‌دانند و از آن زمان والنتاین تبدیل به نمادی برای عشق شده‌است.

در ایران باستان، نه چون رومیان از سه قرن پس از میلاد، بلکه از چند هزاره پیش از میلاد، جشن‌هایی برای ابراز مهر و وفاداری و عشق بوده‌است. این جشن‌ها که خوشبختانه هنوز زنده هستند و بین ایرانیان شناخته شده‌اند سیزده بدر، مهرگان و اسفندگان یا سپندارمذگان هستند. در گاهشماری ایرانی تاریخ این جشن‌ها بدین ترتیب است: سیزده بدر = تیر روز از فروردین ماه (۱۳ فروردین) مهرگان = مهر روز از مهر ماه (۱۶ مهر) اسفندگان = سپندارمذ روز از اسفندماه (۵ اسفند) در واقع سه جشن هزاره‌ای به جای یک جشن چند سده‌ای با پیدایش نا مشخص و افسانه‌ای. که اسفندگان یا سپندارمذگان دقیقا چند روز پس از روز والنتاین رومی است. سپندارمذگان جشن گرامیداشت زمین و زن و روز مهرورزی به مظاهر مهر و فروتنی است. در این روز مردان به زنان خود، با محبت هدیه می‌دادند و زنان و دختران را از کارهای روزمره معاف کرده بر تخت شاهی می‌نشاندند و از آنها اطاعت می‌کردند.

اخیرا گروهی از دوستداران فرهنگ ایرانی پیشنهاد کرده‌اند که به خاطر اختراع نمودن کلمات نا مانوس جدید فارسی و هویت دادن به فرهنگ هخامنشی خود و به منظور حفظ فرهنگ ایرانی به دور از ارزش دادن به فرهنگ قومهای دیگر به غیر از فارسی سپندارمذگان بجای والنتاین به عنوان روز عشق گرامی داشته شود.

فرهنگ بریتانیا

dailyenglish — Wed, 06 Feb 2008 07:36:21 GMT

اگر مایل به دونستن مطالبی در مورد انگلستان و در کل فرهنگ مردم بریتانیا هستید و موضوعاتی از قبیل موسیقی- جشن ها - نوع لباس ها و ... لینک زیر بصورت موضوعی مطالب جالبی رو در مورد فرهنگ مردم بریتانیا داره :

http://learnenglish.de/britishculture.htm

بخونید - لذت ببرید و نظر هم بدید !!!

معرفی سایت

dailyenglish — Mon, 28 Jan 2008 05:42:39 GMT

سلام دوستان ... بعد از مدتی و اندی بالاخره این وب به روز شد... امروز می خوام یه سایت جالب انگلیسی رو به دوستداران داستانها-اشعار و رمانهای انگلیسی معرفی کنم. البته از اونجایی که مطالب این سایت Full Text هست و سطح بندي نيست بنابراين شايد مبتديان با مشكل در خواندن روبرو شوند. آدرس سايت :

www.readprint.com

بخونيد و لذت ببريد و...

و...

و نظر يادتون نره !

no doubt

dailyenglish — Fri, 21 Dec 2007 04:43:18 GMT

No doubt means 'probably' or 'I suppose' , not 'certainly' .

No doubt it'll rain soon. / You are tired, no doubt. I'll make you a cup of tea./

To say that something is certain, we can use there is no doubt that (formal) ,without any doubt(formal), certainly , definitely.

There is no doubt that world is getting warmer.(NOT ~~No doubt the world is getting warmer~~.)

Note: Doubtless is similar to no doubt (but more formal); Undoubtedly is similar to there is no doubt that.

Error Hit List

dailyenglish — Fri, 14 Dec 2007 06:12:18 GMT

Hello Guys ! How's everything ? This post is dedicated for some common mistakes in English. You should be careful when you you are speaking English and try out to speak correctly. Now , take a glimpse on common mistakes here beneath:

Which :

Don't say: Say:

Pizza , which it was invented in Italy, Pizza , which was invented in Italy,

When Which is a relative pronoun, don't use another pronoun after it.

***

Do/Play/Go

Do not say: Say:

He makes several sports. He does several sports.

You should make more exercise. You should do/take more exercise.

I play a lot of sports. I do a lot of sports.

we often do swimming. We often go swimming.

Use the verb do with the general word sport.
Play van be used when the actual sport is named, e.g. I play a lot of tennis.
Use the verb go before sports enfing in -ing.
Use the verb do or take with exercise.

Well guys !That's all about common mistakes . However, they are unlimited I am going to tell something more about it next times.Later, comrades...!!!9

IDIOM

dailyenglish — Fri, 07 Dec 2007 13:39:18 GMT

Idioms are phrases and sentences that do not mean exactly what they say. Even if you know the meaning of every word in the see or hear, you may not understand the idiom because you don't understand the culture behind it.

Quit cold turkey

Meaning:

Quit a bad habit such as smoking or drinking alcohol suddenly, without any gradual adjustment.

If you quit something (smoking, etc.) cold turkey, you stop it suddenly and completely.

Example:

Tom was a heavy drinker for more than 15 years; then he quit drinking cold turkey. He's never drunk again since then.

نظر شما !

dailyenglish — Sat, 24 Nov 2007 04:44:55 GMT

سلام دوستان ! با خودم داشتم فکر می کردم که چون هدف این وبلاگ آموزش است واقعا باید مطالب را به انگلیسی نوشت؟!!! بنابراین این پست رو فقط به نظر سنجی در این مورد اختصاص می دهم! شما پیشنهاد بدین در مورد چه مطالبی بیشتر بنویسم و همچنین نقاط ضعف و قوت وب را تو قسمت نظرات بگین ...!!! ممنون از شما !